Actions and Uses Streptomycin sulfate is rarely absorbed internally and is only effective for intestinal infections. Treatment of acute systemic infections is mostly by intramuscular injection. It is mainly used for the treatment of acute local and systemic infections caused by various Gram-negative bacteria, such as respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, bronchitis), urinary tract infections, swine pneumonia caused by Pasteurella, swine actinomycosis, leptospirosis, bacterial gastroenteritis, yellow and white dysentery in piglets, mastitis, uterine inflammation, septicemia, cystitis, etc., as well as skin and wound infections.
Drug Interaction 1) Synergistic effect with penicillins and cephalosporins. (2) Combination of streptomycin and tetracycline can enhance the efficacy against brucellosis. (3) The antibacterial effect of this class of drugs is enhanced in alkaline environment, and the combination with alkaline drugs (such as sodium bicarbonate, aminophylline, etc.) can enhance the antibacterial efficacy, but the toxicity is also enhanced accordingly. (4) Combined with cephalosporins, erythromycin, dextran, etc., the ototoxicity of this class of drugs can be enhanced.
Toxic side effects and adverse reactions are many and heavy, the current human drug has been used less, often replaced by gentamicin. 1) Ototoxicity. Streptomycin sulfate most often causes vestibular damage, and this damage can be aggravated by the accumulation of continuously administered drugs, leading to ataxia and respiratory depression. 2) Long-term application can cause renal damage. (3) Neuromuscular blocking effect often occurs in excessive doses.
Preparation and dosage Streptomycin sulfate for injection. For intramuscular injection, a single dose of 10-15mg per kg body weight, 2 times ld, or 20-30mg per kg body weight, 1 time ld, for 2-3 d. Dissolve with sterilized water before use, ready to use.
Precautions
(1) Streptomycin sulfate should not be used simultaneously with other aminoglycosides to avoid enhancing toxic side effects.
(2) Use with caution when the sick pig is dehydrated (which may lead to increased blood concentration) or has renal impairment (such as dermatitis nephrotic syndrome caused by circovirus type 2 infection in pigs).
(3) When treating urinary tract infection with streptomycin sulfate, declare to take sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) internally at the same time to make the urine alkaline.
(4) streptomycin sulfate too much or too long, causing serious systemic toxic reactions, mainly on the 8th to the brain nerve and kidney damage, so generally only continuous administration of 3-4d, the condition should be changed to other antibacterial drugs after the improvement.
(5) Streptomycin injection is vulnerable to destruction and failure when encountering alkali, acid or oxidizing agent or reducing agent, it cannot be mixed with vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, or mixed with sulfonamides, calcium gluconate, diflucan injection and other drugs, which will occur hydrolysis failure, and should be injected separately.
(6) Combination of streptomycin sulfate and polymyxin class, or successive successive local or systemic application will increase the toxic effect on kidney and neuromuscular junction.
