Neomycin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent of the aminoglycoside class, and in veterinary clinical treatment, it mainly has a relatively good effect on Gram-negative bacteria; secondly, it also has a certain effect on Gram-positive bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycoplasma; however, it is ineffective when used in doses that are routinely directed. In the specific spectrum of sensitive pathogens, neomycin sulfate is more sensitive to Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacillus pneumoniae, Aspergillus and Bacillus dysenteriae; while it is less sensitive to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and anaerobic bacteria.
In view of the greater toxicity of neomycin sulfate clinical injection administration, so generally not for injection administration; in the treatment of animal bacterial disease administration, limited to drinking water, mixing and other oral applications. This use, mainly for the treatment of chicken bacterial enteritis, bacterial diarrhea, bacterial diarrhea and other intestinal diseases caused by the above sensitive bacteria.
Of course, the more unique bactericidal mechanism and target of action of neomycin sulfate makes it with the current veterinary clinical common anti-infective drugs, there is basically no pharmacological contraindication. Only in terms of physical and chemical effects, neomycin sulfate reacts with cephalosporin anti-infective drugs and needs to be used separately when administered.
Neomycin sulfate is rarely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration to chickens. Especially in the state of intact intestinal mucosa, the total amount of neomycin sulfate absorbed into the bloodstream through internal administration is less than 5% of the total amount of drug administered.
However, if the mucous membrane of the digestive tract is incomplete, such as ulcer, or epidermal peeling, or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, up to 20% of neomycin sulfate can be absorbed into the circulation of the body through the mucous membrane of the digestive tract with significantly increased permeability, and be distributed to the liver, kidney, heart, lungs and abdominal cavity.
Neomycin sulfate absorbed into the body is mostly concentrated in nucleated cells, especially in white blood cells. Most of it is quickly excreted from the body through the kidneys. However, in case of renal insufficiency, the excretion of neomycin sulfate will be hindered and slowed down; and most of the unabsorbed neomycin sulfate will be excreted in the feces. Within 24 hours, about 12%-25% of the absorbed neomycin sulfate is excreted by the kidneys and about 50%-90% is excreted by the bile.
In the antibacterial spectrum, neomycin sulfate mainly acts optimally against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against Escherichia coli and Salmonella salmonicida; large doses of neomycin sulfate also have a good effect on mycoplasma in chickens. However, the economic value of the drug can be significantly reduced by increasing the dose of the drug, and the probability of adverse reactions can also be increased. Therefore, Chinese veterinary clinics targeting mycoplasma use macrolides in addition to macrolides; in other countries and regions, macromycin is more often used.
However, co-administration between neomycin sulfate and antimicrobials such as penicillins, cephalosporins, saxins, fosfomycins, tetracyclines, macrolides, etc., has a higher, better and more economical application value than neomycin sulfate alone for more serious bacterial systemic infections and more difficult to treat respiratory diseases, especially when combined with some potassium clavulanate, meprobamate, sulbactam and other potentiating agents.
